This research ends with an explanation of the poetic structure of African poetry written in Arabic. The aim of the study is related to knowing the new poetic structure of African poetry, which can only be achieved after knowing the poetic structure of the Arabs. It is known that ancient Arabic poetic structure proceeds from the initial introductions to the basic purpose of the poem, as mentioned by critics, and we find a multiplicity of themes within it. As for new poetry, it has its own structure which differs. of the traditional structure in terms of linguistic aspect, forms and themes. African literature written in Arabic knew these literary facts, and African poets paid attention in their poetic productions to the new poetic structure which differs from the vertical structure of poetry. Using poetic models, we were able to explain the poetic structure of old and new African poetry written in Arabic.